Old Fashioned Foods

 Would our great grandparents eat what we would eat? What would we think of their favorites?Are there any foods that have lasted through the decades and still served today? Yes!

One of the most endearing and tastiest is the simple grahhan cracker. This sweet cracker began in the mid 1800's' by Sylvester Graham, the father of vegetarianism. They were and still are made with graham flour a densely milled whole wheat kind,complete with the hull and the germ. This creates a healthier digestive biscuit.It may have been the first "cookie many American kids ate. Now it's still a sweet snack and was reinvented as the base for s'mores first made in 1927 by the American Girl Scouts. Now home chefs also use it for pie crusts, weather it's for ice cream pie or a cream pie .Crushed graham crackers mixed with butter and sugar are also the base or crust for cheesecake too.is it still a healthy snack. Yes!It's much better than a sleeve of any kind of cookie and perfect for someone on a limited diet.Another sweet snack that  our grandparents loved is tapioca. Every home chef in decades past had her (yes her. It was always women in charge for the family kitchen back in the day ) had her own spin on the recipe. It's made with the exotic cassava root.Ot's been around for millennia  having first been made by indigenous Brazilians.  The pudding itself is made with "pearls" beads filled with the cassava.They;'re cooked with eggs as any custard is.Vanilla is added to bring out the cassava's flavor. Custards are another ls fashioned dessert that's still being eaten today.

Some foods can cause shivers.Pigs knuckles or hocks were a big deal in German family dinners . SOme German clubs like the deutch Club in Clark New Jersey, has it as part of its menu during their summer festivals and Ocktoberfests.They're braised  , depending  on the family oven crisped resulting in a crispy crackly skin.It's served with potato salad or sauerbraten. Brains and livers are other meats that our grandmothers had all sorts of recipes for. These fell out of favor when people preferred just eating different cuts.There are some who still make the classic liver and onions which is calf liver cooked in some kind of oil or fat and then onions are added to it. Some cultures like Moroccan  do still make it as do the Venetians in Italy. It's taken from a much older Roman recipe where the liver is cooked with figs. It serves with white polenta. Are there any brains recipes? Yes, there looks like some tasty ones, mostly fried and heavenly seasoned. Yet just try getting kids and most adults  to eat them . The answer would be a resounding no followed by leaving the table.

Some foods like graham crackers go on. Some like brains and livers don't Tastes change as do the population.

A Healthier Way To Bake Part Two

 There are healthier ways to bake mouth watering treats. You can easily switch out refined flour and sugar for better for you nut and rice flours along with all natural sugars like maple syrup and agave. Yet there are other ingredient  conundrums that can more or less be solved.

Vegan or vegetarian baking holds the answers. Many  home bakers want to omit eggs for something healthier or won''t trigger egg allergies. There is Just Egg, an egg yolk substitute that can make everything from omelets to cookies. It's made from mung beans and has the same eggy flavor as the real thing. Three tablespoons equal one egg, yolk and white included.I've baked with it and it did produce  a crisper cookie. There is also Vegg, a powdered egg sub in that's also plant based. They use peas to create the mix, You do have to buy  the Vegg Uncaged version and then add a teaspoon of coconut sugar along with a scant amount of water to get the liquid. again I'v e made brownies with it and they came out chewy and dense. You can reduce the amount of sweetener if you use Vegg's one. Dairy is always another area of concern. For milk the best replacement is soy. It has the same amount of protein as cow's milk and it helps baked goods to brown nicely. This is perfect  for pond cakes and biscuits, recipes that don't require icing. almond milk is the second best bet. as for butter. Melt plant based butter is a good alternative. and it is a good leavening agent. It works perfectly in cookies and creates a lovely brownness to them. Miyoko's also works well as does avocados and applesauce. Nut butters and pumpkin puree can also make for a smooth batter or dough.

The big question is the frosting. Most American buttercreams have at least two to two and a half cups of confectioners sugar in them.  This is way too sweet no matter how tasty they are. Yet what's a cupcake without a big blob of colorful icing on it? There is a way to have healthy and decadent.. One is making your own  sort using  ground coconut sugar and tapioca flour.  If  you can't  get the tapioca flour then just use cornstarch or arrowroot powder.You do need a high powered blender like a Vitamix to grind it into that powdery consistency. It just takes only thirty to sixty minutes and storing it in an airtight container. This is also perfect for making glaze and icing for cakes and cookies too. another frosting idea is taking maple syrup and vegan cream cheese. You will need to use Greek yogurt but only a quarter cup of it along with a dash of vanilla extract. another recipe for a healthy but still creamy topping is a mix of unsweetened apple sauce and coconut oil. Palm oil and tapioca or arrowroot flour round it out to give it both that creamy mouth feel and taste. You could also use cocoa powder for a chocolate frosting. 

Healthy baking can be done. You can even have cupcakes with a big swirl of frosting on top. It's just subbing in the good ingredients for the bad ones>It's just that easy.

The Rich Vegan Legacy Of Africa

Many of america's foods come from  West Africa from yams to rice. What many don;t know is that the area also has a rich vegetarian history that can be easily incorporated into our diets. The dishes are not just good for you. They are also delicious too , with many interesting spices  to liven up the veggies.

Yewande Komolafe ,a  recipe developer  and regular contributor to the New York Times Food section wrote about this bountiful cuisine. Ms. Komolafe herself is from Lagos, Nigeria where there is a wealth of meat free recipes. She is not new to the idea of a plant based diet as is the chefs she interviews. Also a plus is West African cooks are passionate about adaptations to their recipes. Many will balk at a new method of cooking a dish however replacing meat with plant based ingredients will provide new paths to familiar pathways. Afia Amoako ,a Canadian grad student, believes that there is no standard recipe, only standard methods for layering and building flavor. Mushrooms can easily be subbed in for chicken or beef. Chef Fatmata Binta explores the plant based recipes of her F ulani tribe , based in Ghana for her project The Fulani Kitchen. Many ingredients can be foraged along with being easily transported. The foods also have to be non perishable and preserved, usually sun dried.One chef, Salimatu Amabebe feels a connection to his father and grandparents by cooking a plant based Nigerian diet.

There are also recipes that any chef can make for the holidays and beyond. One is the very interesting roasted mushrooms in a sauce called Ata Din Din. This is roasting a host of mushrooms , from shiitake to oysters with thyme on a sheet pan. At the same time the Ata Din Din sauce is created, a fiery blend of  red  pepper ginger and habanero chiles topped with a pickle of onions, salt and vinegar.  For another blood warming dish try the moin moin or steamed filled bean cakes from Nigeria.It's a mix of  dried honey beans or black eyed peas cooked with habanero peppers along with red peppers and red onions, Mushrooms or the Ata Din Din can be used as the stuffing. They're formed by filling rolled cone shaped banana leaves. Dessert is coconut lemongrass tapioca with caramelized citrus. It's made with small pearl tapioca and ginger along witht eh lemongrass  and topped with caramelized citrus slices such as blood oranges, grapefruits and tangerines. Lemongrass infused coconut milk is then ladled onto this.

West Africa has a rich culinary history. It's made even richer with plant based recipes. There may be no meat but there is a  lot of flavor.

Rio Carnival Of Food

Rio is awash in Olympic fever right now, with athletes and locals getting wild in the city of samba and sunshine. The city is know for it's festive atmosphere and party foods.It's a tasty mix of four Continents melded together to create a unique and delicious cuisine.

What is Brazilian food?It'a a truly fine mix of European, African Asian and indigenous recipes and ingredients.The country doesn't have regionalized cuisine, per se .It's divided into four sections, There is southeast Brazil's fejoada, one of the country's most famous dishes.This is a kind of stew, made from black beans mixed with pork and beef. Tomatoes, carrots and cabbage round it out and it's usually served with rice. It's all prepared in a big  clay pot over a low heat.Sometimes blood sausage is served with it as well.The Japanese also went to Brazil and with them brought spring rolls that transformed into pastel, a kind of  thin pastry envelope filled with meat and/or cheese. These became a popular street food.In the ocean side state of Espirito Santo German and Italian immigrants influenced  the cuisine. especially the Northern Italian dish of polenta.Olive oil is mandatory  in cooking too, another Italian influence. In the nearby state of Minas Gerais,frango con quiabo, chicken with okra along with tutu de feijo. a mix of cassava paste and beans is a favorite.

Northern Brazil, especially around the Amazon Forest the food is the purest of indigenous recipes and cuisines.One of the most famous dishes is palo no tucapi  a duck soup that is literally cooked in front of the eater. It is first spicing  and then roasting a duck with bacon in a clay pot, then covering it with tomatoes, watercress and garlic. it's then served with manioc flour and white rice. The northeastern part of the country from Ba'hia to Perambuco has a cuisine that is a marriage of African and indigenous ingredients.They make vatapa a dish of shrimp, bread and coconut mixed with a paste of peanuts and cassava.The dish can also be made with chicken or tuna. Another shrimp dish is Bobo de Camaro made with the seafood and manioc cream.A popular street food is acaraje a fried ball made from black eyed peas cooked in dende or palm oil. Tapioca is also big here and it's made into a flat bread and eaten for breakfast,usually with a filling of cooked cheese and flan.Popular throughout Brazil is the many different kinds of pastas the immigrants brought with them.From spaghetti to ramen, these make up a good portion of the diet.

Rio is a city awash in Olmypic spirit right now. It is also awash in a myriad of different foods influenced from the indigenous and immigrants that give it its colors.The food is amazing.The country is amazing. Rio is an amazing food town.